Index Page 193. Acknowledgment Page: xi. -- A Note on Translation, Transliteration, and Dates Page: xiii. -- Praise For Political Participation In Iran From Khatami To The Green Movement Page: [xv]. -- Contents Page: xvii. -- About the Author Page: xxi. -- Abbreviations Page: xxiii. -- Chapter 1: Reformism and Political Participation in Iran -- Political Change and Participation Page: 1. -- The Short-Circuit Page: 5. -- Locating Political Participation and Reformism in the Relevant Scholarship Page: 6. -- Five Elements of Iran's Dissonant Institutionalisation Page: 9. -- Approaching Eslahat Page: 11. -- Non-insularity Page: 11. -- Power and Reformism: Contesting Governmentality Page: 14. -- Securitised Research: Navigating Fieldwork in Iran Page: 16. -- The Geopolitics of Political Participation Page: 18. -- Searching for Political Participation Page: 20. -- Book Content Page: 23. -- References Page: 25. -- Chapter 2: Political Participation in Context: Reformism and Elite Factionalism After the Iran-Iraq War -- The Foundations of Factional Politics Page: 32. -- Mobilising the Democratic Discourse: The velayat-e motlaqeh-ye faqih and the Constitutional Reform Page: 34. -- Mapping Iran's Factions Page: 39. -- The Rise of the Islamic Right and the Origin of Reformism During the 1990s Page: 41. -- The Decline of the Islamic Left Page: 41. -- The Islamic Left's Objections Against Marginalisation Page: 45. -- The Convergence of the Democratic Left and Right Page: 46. -- Political Expediency and the Transformation of the Islamic Left Page: 51. -- The Reform Era (1997-2005) Page: 51. -- The Reformists' Discursive Frames and Factional Conflicts Page: 52. -- Trends and Groups Within the Reformist Front Page: 54. -- Two Phases of the Reform Era Page: 57. -- Conclusion Page: 60. -- References Page: 61. -- Chapter 3: Reformism As a Governmental Project: The 'Reform Discourse' and Political Participation -- The Power of Discourse, the Discourse of Power Page: 66. -- Shifting Persuasions Page: 71. -- Recurring Themes Page: 80. -- National History, Anti-Authoritarianism, and Moderation Page: 81. -- Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law Page: 86. -- Civil Society and Participation Page: 89. -- Conclusion Page: 92 -- eferences Page: 92 -- Chapter 4: Civil Society: Crafting Consensus from Above, Appropriating Reformism from Below -- Theorising Civil Society As a Field Page: 101. -- The Contours of Political Participation and the Morality of Civil Society Page: 103. -- International Civil Society and Its Domestic Configuration Page: 103. -- Reclaiming Civil Society Page: 107. -- Structuring Civil Society During the Reform Era: Political Parties and NGOs Page 109. -- Two Phases of Civil Society-Government Relations (1997-2005) Page: 113. -- Building Subjectivities and Mentality Page: 114. -- Reasons to Commit, Aspirations to Modernity, and Contention Page: 116. -- Professionalisation: Independence from and Closeness to the Government Page: 122. -- Conclusion: Emerging Political Agency Page: 129. -- References Page: 130. -- Chapter 5: The Formation of Residual Counterpower and Autonomous Subjectivity During and After the Reform Era -- The Unintended Consequences of Top-Down Reforms Page 137. -- Surpluses of Participation During the Reform Era Page: 141. -- Frustration and Disillusionment with Reformism Page: 141. -- Marginalisation, Radicalisation, and Alternatives to Reform: Student Activism During the Reform Era Page: 146. -- Residual Counterpower and Activism Post-2005: Mobilisation Strategies and Grassroots Organising, Networking, and Campaigning Page: 154. -- The One Million Signatures Campaign Page: 156. -- Negotiating Strategies of Mobilisation After Eslahat Page: 156. -- Women's Activist Networks Afyer the OMS Campaign Page: 161. Conclusion Page: 163. -- On-Campus Activism Page: 164. -- Two Phases of Post-2005 Student Activism (2005-2009): Phase One Page: 164. -- Phase Two: The 2009 Election and the Revival of Student Activism Page: 167. -- Conclusion: The Potential and Limits of Residual Counterpower Page: 169. -- Refrences Page: 171. Chapter 6. Cycles of Hope. Eslahat, and the State. -- Ordinary Discontent and Extraordinary Mobilisations in Iran and beyond: The Book's Main Argument Page: 177. -- Ordinary Discontent Page: 177. -- Extraordinary Mobilisations Page: 180. -- Resistance and Hope Page: 182. -- Hope and the State in Post-2009 Iran Page: 184. -- Cycles of Hope and Eslahat Page: 187. -- Conclusion Page 189. -- References Page: 190. -- Index Page 193.
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