Machine generated contents note: 1.An Initial Look at Matter Nearing Extreme Conditions -- Mass: The Measurement of Substance -- Mass -- Energy -- Density -- Newton's Mechanical Universe -- Pressure -- Temperature -- Rankine -- The Other Absolute Temperature -- Time -- The Primary Time and Frequency Standard for the United States -- Traveling Back in Time Using Radioactivity -- 2.Birth of the Universe -- Big Bang Cosmology -- Hubble and the Expanding Universe -- History of the Universe -- The First Three Minutes -- Four Fundamental Forces in Nature -- Inflation -- Importance of the Big Bang Hypothesis -- 3.Atomism -- The Atomic Nature of Matter -- Accelerators -- The Nuclear Particle Zoo -- Human-Made Superheavy Elements -- Making Ununtrium and Ununpentium -- The Standard Model -- Thinking Small -- Lilliputian World of Nanotechnology -- Buckyballs -- 4.Very Hot Matter -- Plasma -- Fourth State of Matter -- Types and Characteristics of Plasmas -- Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster -- Nuclear Fusion -- ITER Project -- Thermonuclear Weapons -- 5.Life Cycles of Stars -- Stars and the Early Universe -- The Early Universe -- Some Physical Characteristics of Stars -- Humans' Parent Star -- The Sun -- Hans Albrecht Bethe -- Type Ia Supernovas -- The Fate of Massive Stars -- Exoplanets Spark the Second Copernican Revolution -- Quark Stars -- 6.The Dark Side of the Universe -- Black Holes -- Gravity's Ultimate Triumph over Matter -- Primitive Black Holes -- Supermassive Black Hole Rips Unlucky Star Apart -- Astronomers Investigate X-ray Jets of Black Hole -- Dark Matter -- Zwicky and the Initial Hunt for Missing Mass -- Hunting Dark Matter with the Hubble Space Telescope -- Dark Energy -- 7.Very Cold Matter -- Understanding Cold -- Some Naturally Cold Environments -- Cryogenics -- Superconductivity -- Applications of Cryogenic Liquids -- Superfluids -- Bose-Einstein Condensate -- 8.Antimatter -- The Discovery of Antimatter -- Powerful Accelerator Discovers Exotic Antimatter -- Antiprotons and Antihydrogen -- CERN -- The Universe's Missing Antimatter -- Antimatter Cosmology -- Positron Emission Tomography -- Antimatter for Interstellar Propulsion -- 9.Beyond Einstein -- Einstein and Relativity Theory -- Gravitational Lensing -- Gravitational Waves -- Quantum Gravity -- Wormholes -- 10.Living and Thinking Matter -- The Big Bang and Life -- Principle of Mediocrity -- Life in the Universe -- Anthropic Principle -- Consciousness and the Universe -- Exotheology -- Machines That Think -- Self-Replicating System -- Characteristics of Extraterrestrial Civilizations -- 11.Conclusion.
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