Introduction -- The search for "responsible elites" : Carl J. Friedrich and the reform of higher education -- Socialist reform, the rule of law, and labor outreach : Ernst Fraenkel and the concept of "collective democracy" -- Conservative Catholicism and American philanthropy : Waldemar Gurian, "personalist" democracy, and anti-Communism -- Individual liberties and "militant democracy" : Karl Loewenstein and aggressive liberalism -- From the League of Nations to Vietnam : Hans J. Morgenthau and realist reform of international relations -- Conclusion.
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