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Author:

Chouhan, Neelu, author.

Title:

Photochemical water splitting : materials and applications / Neelu Chouhan, Ru-Shi Liu, Jiujun Zhang.

Publisher:

CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group,

Copyright Date:

2017

Description:

xx, 358 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm.

Subject:

Photoelectrochemistry.
Water--Electrolysis.
Photoelectrochemistry.
Water--Electrolysis.

Other Authors:

Liu, Ru-Shi, author.
Zhang, Jiujun, author.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 6.9.4. Intrinsic Kinetic Reactor Model for Photocatalytic 1.2. Current Energy Scenario -- 1.3. Fuel: Past, Present, and Future -- 1.4. Hydrogen as a Chemical Fuel -- 1.5. The Hydrogen Economy -- 1.6. Hydrogen Production -- 1.6.1. Oxidative Process -- 1.6.1.1. Steam Methane Reforming -- 1.6.1.2. Autothermal Reforming -- 1.6.1.3. Partial Oxidation -- 1.6.1.4. Combined Reforming -- 1.6.1.5. Steam Iron Reforming -- 1.6.1.6. Dry (CO2) Reforming of CH4 -- 1.6.1.7. Plasma Reforming -- 1.6.1.8. Photoproduction of Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons -- 1.6.2. Nonoxidative Process -- 1.6.2.1. Thermal Decomposition -- 1.6.2.2. Metal-Catalyzed Decomposition of Methane -- 1.6.2.3. Simultaneous Production of Hydrogen and Filamentous Carbon -- 1.6.2.4. Carbon-Catalyzed Decomposition of Methane -- 1.6.2.5. Catalytic Decomposition of Methane for FC Applications -- 1.6.2.6 Methane Decomposition Using Nuclear and Solar Energy Input -- 1.6.2.7. Plasma-Assisted Decomposition of Hydrocarbons -- 1.7. Hydrogen and Its Applications -- 1.7.1. Portable -- 1.7.2. Stationary -- 1.7.3. Transportation -- 1.7.4. Uses as a Chemical -- 1.8. Environmental Effects of Hydrogen -- 1.8.1. Health Hazards -- 1.8.2. Physical Hazards -- 1.8.3. Chemical Hazards -- 1.8.3.1. Effect to Ozone Layer -- 1.8.3.2. Greenhouse Effect -- 1.8.4. Environmental Hazards of Hydrogen -- 1.9. Hydrogen Safety -- 1.10. Summary -- References -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Artificial Photosynthesis -- 2.2.1. Carbon Dioxide Reduction -- 2.2.2. Water Spliting -- 2.3. Electrochemistry of Water Splitting -- 2.3.1. Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Aspects of Water Splitting -- 2.3.2. Oxygen Evolution Reaction -- 2.3.3. Hydrogen Evolution Reaction -- 2.4 Criteria for the Selection of Photocatalytic Material -- 2.5. Overpotential -- 2.6. Band Gap and Band Edge Position in Photocatalytic Materials -- 2.7. Band Edge Bending: Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interface Reactions -- 2.8. Efficiency (Solar to Hydrogen Conversion, Turnover Number, Quantum Yield, Photoconversion Efficiency, Incident Photon-to-Current Efficiency [%1] Absorbed Photon-to-Current Efficiency) -- 2.8.1. Turnover Number -- 2.8.2. Incident Photon-to-Current Efficiencies -- 2.8.3. Absorbed Photon-to-Current Efficiency -- 2.8.4. Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency -- 2.8.5. Quantum Efficiency -- 2.9. Excitonic Binding Energy -- 2.10. Diffusion Length -- 2.11. Carrier Mobility and Penetration in Photocatalysts -- 2.11.1. Electrical Conductivity and Mobility -- 2.11.2. Temperature Dependence of Mobility -- 2.11.3. Mobility versus Diffusion -- 2.11.4. Doping Dependence of Electron Mobility and Hole Mobility 2.12. Summary -- References -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Electrolytic Water Splitting -- 3.2.1. PEM Electrolyzer -- 3.2.2. Alkaline Electrolyzers -- 3.2.3. Acid Electrolyzers -- 3.2.4. Solid Oxide Electrolyzers -- 3.3. Biophotocatalytic Water Splitting -- 3.4. Thermochemical Water Splitting -- 3.4.1. Thermodynamics of Thermochemical Water Splitting -- 3.4.2. Single-Step Cycle -- 3.4.3. Two-Step Cycle -- 3.4.4. Three-Step Cycle -- 3.4.5. K-Step Cycle -- 3.4.6. Hybrid Cycle -- 3.5. Mechanocatalytic Water Splitting -- 3.6. Plasmolytic Water Splitting -- 3.7. Magnetolysis of Water -- 3.8. Radiolysis of Water -- 3.9. Photocatalytic Water Splitting -- 3.10. Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting -- 3.10.1. Types of PEC Devices -- 3.10.1.1. Direct PEC or Photosynthetic Cells -- 3.10.1.2. Biased PEC Devices -- 3.10.1.3. PV Cell -- 3.10.1.3. PV Electrolysis Cell or Regenerative Celly 3.10.1.4. Photogalvanic/Concentration Cells -- 3.10.2. Challenges and Future of PEC Hydrogen Generation -- 3.11. Summary -- References -- 4.1. Introduction to Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting -- 4.1.1. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Water Splitting -- 4.1.2. Factors Affecting Efficiency of the PEC -- 4.1.2.1. Electrode Material -- 4.1.2.2. Effect of Temperature -- 4.1.2.3. Effect of Pressure -- 4.1.2.4. Electrolyte Quality and Electrolyte Resistance -- 4.1.2.5. Size, Alignment, and Space Between the Electrodes -- 4.1.2.6. Forcing the Bubbles to Leave -- 4.1.2.7. Separator Material -- 4.2. Semiconducting Photoelectrode Materials -- 4.2.1. Electron Transfer Phenomenon -- 4.2.2. Material and Energetic Requirements -- 4.2.3. Sensitizers and Photocatalyst -- 4.2.4. PEC Components in Action for the Water-Splitting Process -- 4.2.4.1. Amouyal Model -- 4.2.4.2. Kostov and others's Model -- 4.2.4.3Celly Ulleberg Model -- 4.3. Reactor Design and Operation (Experiment Setup) -- 4.3.1. Gradient/Bias-Based Reactor -- 4.3.2. Reactors Based on Suspension and Electrode Type -- 4.3.2.1. Type 1 -- 4.3.2.2. Type 2 -- 4.3.2.3. Type 3 -- 4.3.2.4. Type 4 -- 4.3.3. Miscellaneous Reactor Types -- 4.4. Efficiency of Water Splitting -- 4.5. Challenges and Perspectives -- 4.6. Summary -- References -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Design of Metal Oxide Photocatalysts with Visible Light Response (Effect of Morphology of Semiconductor and Reaction Mechanism of Photoelectrodes) -- 5.2.1. Effect of Morphology of Semiconductor -- 5.2.1.1. Design of Photocatalyst at Nanoscale -- 5.2.1.2. Unique Aspects of Nanotechnology -- 5.2.2. Reaction Mechanism of Typical Oxide Photoelectrodes -- 5.2.2.1. TiO2 -- 5.2.2.2. ZnO -- 5.3. Doped Photocatalysts -- 5.4. QD-Sensitized Metal Oxide Photocatalysts -- 5.5^ -- 4.2.4.3Celly Plasmonic Material-Induced Metal Oxide Photocatalysts -- 5.5.1. Adverse Effects of Metal Nanoparticles -- 5.6. Z-Scheme Photocatalysts -- 5.7. Metal Ion-Incorporated Metal Oxide -- 5.7.1. Tantalate Photocatalysts -- 5.7.2. Vanadate Photocatalysts -- 5.7.3. Titanate Photocatalysts -- 5.7.4. Niobate Photocatalysts -- 5.7.5. Tungstate Photocatalysts -- 5.7.6. Other Oxide Photocatalysts -- 5.7.6.1. Graphene Oxide -- 5.7.6.2. Complex Perovskite Materials -- 5.7.6.3. Mixed Oxides -- 5.8. Oxide Photocatalysts: Challenges and Perspectives -- 5.9. Summary -- References -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Mechanism of Photocatalytic Cleavage of Water in Electrolytes (Electron Scavenger and Hole Scavenger) -- 6.2.1. Scavengers or Sacrificial Electrolytes -- 6.3. Photocorrosion -- 6.3.1. Chemical Passivation for Photocorrosion Protection -- 6.4. Mechanism of Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis -- 6.5^ 4.2.4.3Celly Mechanism of Homogeneous Molecular Catalysis -- 6.5.1. Tetramanganese-Oxo Cluster Complex for O2 Generation -- 6.5.2. Ruthenium Complexes for O2 Generation -- 6.5.3. Manganese Porphyrin Dimer Complexes for O2 Generation -- 6.5.4. Dinuclear CoIII-Pyridylmethylamine Complex for O2 Generation -- 6.5.5. Homogenous Metal Complex for Hydrogen Generation through Water Splitting -- 6.6. Bridging the Gap between Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis and Homogeneous Molecular Catalysis -- 6.6.1. Solid-Liquid -- 6.6.2. Solid-Gas -- 6.6.3. Liquid-Liquid System -- 6.6.4. Fluorous Catalysts -- 6.6.5. Liquid Poly(Ethylene Glycol) and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Benign Biphasic Solvent System -- 6.6.6. Ionic Liquid-Immobilized Nanomaterials -- 6.6.7. Phase-Boundary Catalyst -- 6.6.8. Examples -- 6.7. Role of Metallic/Metallic Hydroxide Cocatalyst in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction/Oxygen Evolution Reaction -- 6.7.1. Metallic Cocatalyst-- 6.7.2. Roles of Hydroxyl Cocatalysts in Photocatalytic Water Splitting -- 6.8. Nature/Role of the Active Sites on a Catalyst's Surface -- 6.9. Conceptual Advancement (Model) of the Active Materials for Hydrogen Generation through Water Splitting -- 6.9.1. Binary-Layered Metals with Extended Light Harvesting Power -- 6.9.2. Bridging Structures for Water Splitting -- 6.9.3. Oxygen Activity and Active Surface Sites for Water Splitting -- 6.9.4. Intrinsic Kinetic Reactor Model for Photocatalytic
References. 7.8. Remedial Treatment for Improving Efficiency by Improvement in Catalytic Activity of the Nanoparticles by Synthesizing Them in Ionic Liquids -- 6.9.6. Addition of Carbonate Salts to Suppress Backward Reaction -- 6.9.7. Design of Active and Stable Chalcogels -- 6.10. Summary -- References -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Nanomaterial Structure, Energetic Transport Dynamics, and Material Design -- 7.2.1. Devices with Different Energetic Transport Dynamics -- 7.2.1.1. Solar or PV Cell -- 7.2.1.2. Thin-Film PVS -- 7.2.1.3. Wet-Chemical Photosynthesis -- 7.2.1.4. Photoelectrolysis -- 7.2.2. Interfacial Electron-Transfer Reactions by Nanomaterials -- 7.2.3. Aspects of the Material Design -- 7.2.3.1. Surface Passivation -- 7.2.3.2. Development of New Oxide or Nonoxide or Semioxide Materials -- 7.2.3.3. Nonmetal Oxide and Nonoxide Metals -- 7.2.3.4. Nanostructuring -- 7.3. Nanocrystalline Materials -- 7.4. Thin Film Materials -- 7.4.1. Hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) Thin Films -- 7.4.2. TiO2 Thin Films for Water Splitting -- 7.4.3. ZnO Thin Films -- 7.4.3.1. Doping -- 7.4.3.2. Sensitization -- 7.4.4. n-SiTiO3 Thin Films -- 7.4.5. Other Thin Films -- 7.5. Mesoporous Materials -- 7.6. Advanced Nanostructures for Water Splitting -- 7.6.1. Bioinspired Design of Redox Reaction-Active Ligands for Multielectron Catalysis -- 7.6.2. HYDROSOL: Monolith Reactors -- 7.6.3. Plasmon-Resonant Nanostructures -- 7.6.4. Meta Materials -- 7.7. Challenges and Perspectives -- 7.8. Summary -- References.

Series:

Electrochemical energy storage and conversion

ISBN:

1482237598
9781482237597

OCLC:

(OCoLC)863195785

LCCN:

2016032394

Locations:

OVUX522 -- University of Iowa Libraries (Iowa City)