CHAPTER ONE: Introduction -- Why a Rethink? -- U.S. Interests and Strategic Goals in a Changing Regional and Global Environment -- A Road Map for Building An Alternative Regional Strategy: Organization of the Report -- CHAPTER TWO: Toward Aligning Partnerships with U.S. Interests -- The Rationale for Partnerships -- Partnership Challenges and Mitigation Measures -- Past Experience Prioritizing Among Partners -- Themes of U.S. Partnerships in the Middle East -- Current Prioritization of Partners -- Risks of Current Prioritization -- Neglected Opportunities -- Toward a New Framework for Middle East Partnerships -- CHAPTER THREE: Managing Adversaries -- Dealing with Iran -- Addressing Shi'a Militias -- Syria: Mitigating the Damage -- The Sunni Extremist Threat -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER FOUR: Global Competitors in the Middle East -- Chinese and Russian Interests in the Middle East -- Chinese and Russian Actions in the Middle East -- China and Russia in a Reimagined U.S. Middle East Policy -- Conclusion: Great Powers as an Adjunct to U.S. Policy -- CHAPTER FIVE: Recalibrating Policy Tools -- U.S. Policy Tools -- The Case for Rebalance -- Current Apportionment of U.S. Assistance -- Security Cooperation -- Force Posture -- Changing the Balance from Military to Nonmilitary Tools: A Paradigm Shift -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER SIX: Conclusion -- The Case for a Policy Reset -- Strategic Adjustments Required by a New Strategy -- Key Findings -- Policy Recommendations -- Sustainable Partnerships, Strategic Investments: Toward a New U.S. Strategy in the Middle East -- APPENDIX: A. Security-Focused Grants and Sales to Middle East Partners.
Summary:
"U.S. policy toward the Middle East has relied heavily on military instruments of power and has focused on regional threats—particularly the Iranian threat—with the goal of keeping partners on "our side." These long-standing policies have largely fallen short of meeting core U.S. interests and adapting to new regional realities and strategic imperatives. RAND researchers offer an alternative framework, suggesting that the U.S. strategic priority must center on reducing regional conflict and the drivers of conflict. This revised strategic approach puts a greater focus on addressing conflict and socioeconomic challenges that are creating unsustainable pressures on the region's states and immense suffering among its people. Researchers analyze how the tools of U.S. policy—political, security, economic, diplomatic, and informational instruments—would need to adjust to more effectively address such challenges in ways that are mindful of limited resources at home. Researchers also examine how the United States deals with both partners and adversaries in and outside the region and consider how to better leverage policies to the benefit of U.S. interests and the region. The researchers recommend specific actions organized into the following three pillars: (1) shifting resources from the current heavy reliance on military tools to a more balanced approach that prioritizes economic investments, governance, diplomacy, and programs focused on people; (2) favoring a long-term time horizon to reduce regional conflict and support growth and development, even at the cost of short-term risks; and (3) working multilaterally with global and regional partners to address key challenges." -- from the publisher.
This resource is supported by the Institute of Museum and Library Services under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act as administered by State Library of Iowa.