The evolution of UN sanctions : from a tool of warfare to a tool of peace, security and human rights / Enrico Carisch, Loraine Rickard-Martin, Shawna R. Meister.
Back to the future : the non-proliferation cases of Iran, North Korea and R2P sanctions on Libya -- Creating the Security Council and its sanctions system -- Designing and applying Chapter VII -- NAM -- From comprehensive to smart and fairer sanctions -- Backlash against the backlash -- UN sanctions measures -- Commodity sanctions -- Emerging threats and sanctions : abuses of digital and information technologies -- Earliest comprehensive sanctions : southern Rhodesia and apartheid South Africa -- Humanitarian collateral costs : from Iraq to Yugoslavia to Haiti -- The spread of terrorism : Libya I, Suda I, Afghanistan/Taliban, Al Qaeda and ISIL, Lebanon -- Asymmetric enemies in Somalia, Cambodia, Angola, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Eritrea-Ethiopia, Liberia I-III, Congo (Zaire), Ivory Coast, Sudan II, Libya, Guinea-Bissau, Central African Republic, Yemen, South Sudan -- Back to the future : the non-proliferation cases of Iran, North Korea and R2P sanctions on Libya -- Analysis and conclusions.
Summary:
"Marking the 50th anniversary of UN sanctions, this work examines the evolution of sanctions from a primary instrument of economic warfare to a tool of prevention and protection against global conflicts and human rights abuses. The rise of sanctions as a versatile and frequently used tool to confront the challenges of armed conflicts, terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and violations of international humanitarian and human rights law, is rooted in centuries of trial and error of coercive diplomacy. The authors examine the history of UN sanctions and their potential for confronting emerging and future threats, including: cyberterrorism and information warfare, environmental crimes, and corruption. This work begins with a historical overview of sanctions and the development of the United Nations system. It then explores the consequences of the superpowers' Cold War stalemate, the role of the Non-Aligned Movement, and the subsequent transformation from a blunt, comprehensive approach to smart and fairer sanctions. By calibrating its embargoes, asset freezes and travel bans, the UN developed a set of tools to confront the new category of risk actors: armed non-state actors and militias, global terrorists, arms merchants and conflict minerals, and cyberwarriors. Section II analyzes all thirty UN sanctions regimes adopted over the past fifty years. These narratives explore the contemporaneous political and security context that led to the introduction of specific sanctions measures and enforcement efforts, often spearheaded for good or ill by the permanent five members of the Security Council. Finally, Section III offers a qualitative analysis of the UN sanctions system to identify possible areas for improvements to the current Security Council structure dominated by the five veto-wielding victors of World War II"--Back cover.
This resource is supported by the Institute of Museum and Library Services under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act as administered by State Library of Iowa.