Preface / James A. Gondles, Jr. -- Introduction / Charles M. Gibbs -- Issues of prison violence in America. Methodology of riot research -- Definitions of prison riots -- Triggering events and reported causes -- Independent causes and triggering events of prison violence. Examples of reported single causes of prison violence -- Institutional food -- Racial tension -- Rules, regulations, and policies -- Mass escape attempts -- Gangs and other special groups -- Rumors -- Security issues -- Conflict with other inmates -- Conflict with correctional staff -- Alcohol and other drug usage -- No identifiable triggering event -- Prison violence caused by multiple events. Overview of historical views on multifactor causation - - Examples of prison violence caused by multiple events -- Analysis of prison violence from 1900 to 1995. Number of incidents by reported cause -- Types of reported underlying causes of prison riots -- Confrontation with other inmates -- Confrontation with staff -- Gang related -- Rules, regulations, policies, crowding, and actions of prison officials -- Temporal and spatial trends in causes of prison violence -- Trends of interaction and termination -- Riot-termination methods -- Impact of prison violence. Number of inmates involved -- Hostages -- Property damage. Theories of the causes of prison violence. Systems theory -- Environmental conditions theory -- Time bomb/spontaneity/powder keg theories -- Relative deprivation/rising-expectations theory -- Conflict theory -- Collective behavior and social control theory -- Power vacuum theory -- Grievance theory (Anomie) -- Theory of riot prevention -- Theory of prison riot causation -- Understanding equals deterrence. Reported problems inherent in prisons in the 1990s -- Characteristics of modern inmate population -- Staff perceptions of prison problems -- Expert views of proper correctional management. Dr. Ellis MacDougall's ideas -- Knowledge of security-threat groups -- Walking around and other management strategies. Grievance process -- Ombudsperson -- Inmate councils -- Inmate inventories -- Prison tactical teams -- Art programs -- Post-occupancy evaluations (POEs) -- Classification of inmates -- Extensive training -- Alternatives to violence project (AVP) -- Alternatives to incarceration -- The importance of inmate families. Current correctional practices to deal with the threat of prison violence. General emergency preparedness -- Hostage plans -- Security audits -- Security equipment -- Use of force -- Tactical operations and emergency response teams -- Futuristic approaches to prison management and control. Alcatraz of the Rockies -- Technology-based futuristic approaches. Video visitation -- Global positioning system (GPS) -- Faceprints to produce positive identification -- Electroshock monitoring -- Watch patrol -- Bar codes -- Sticky foam -- Smart guns -- Ultrasound -- Robots -- Suspended animation -- Telepathic skills -- Undersea prisons and space prisons -- Rehabilitation and treatment-based futuristic approaches. Pet therapy -- Space, color, and lighting -- Television programming for inmates -- Subliminal messages -- Brain peptides and chemicals.
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