Includes bibliographical references (p. [872]-953) and index.
Contents:
Pt. I: Introductory. Early enlightenment, revolution, and the modern age. Ancien Régime and Revolution ; Historians and the writing of "intellectual history" ; L'Esprit philosophique --Philosophy and the making of modernity. Spinoza and Spinozism in the radical enlightenment ; Locke, Hume, and the making of modernity -- Pt. II: The crisis of religious authority. Reason and faith: Bayle versus the Rationaux. Europe's religious crisis ; Consensus gentium and the Philosophes ; Voltaire and the eclipse of Bayle -- Demolishing priesthood, ancient and modern -- Socinianism and the social, psychological, and cultural roots of Enlightenment -- Locke, Bayle, and Spinoza: a contest of three toleration doctrines. Toleration from Locke to Barbeyrac ; Bayle's freedom of conscience ; Spinoza's liberty of thought and expression -- Germany and the Baltic: Enlightenment, society, and the universities. The problem of 'Atheism' ; Academic disputations and the making of German radical thought ; An alternative route? Johann Lorenz Schmidt and 'Left' Wolffian radicalism ; Natural theology, natural law, and the radical challenge -- Newtonianism and anti-Newtonianism in the early Enlightenment: science, philosophy, and religion. English physico-theology ; From's-Gravesande to d'Alembert (1720-1750) -- Pt. III: Political emancipation. Anti-Hobbesianism and the making of 'modernity' -- The origins of modern democratic republicanism. Classical republicanism versus democratic republicanism ; Democracy in radical thought -- Bayle, Boulainvilliers, Montesquieu: secular monarchy versus the aristocratic republic. Bayle's politics ; Early Enlightenment French political thought ; The ideal of mixed monarchy -- 'Enlightened despotism': autocracy, faith, and Enlightenment in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (1689-1755) Peter the Great's 'revolution' (1689-1725) ; Europe and the Russian Enlightenment (1725-1755) ; Locke, Newton, and Leibniz in the Greek cultural diaspora -- Popular sovereignty, resistance, and the 'right to revolution' -- Anglomania, Anglicisme, and the 'British model'. -- English deism and the recoil from radicalism ; French Anglicisme ; Anglicisme and anti-anglicisme in the mid eighteenth century -- The triumph of the 'moderate Enlightenment' in the United Provinces. The defeat of Dutch radical thought: the social context ; Intellectual realignment within the Huguenot diaspora ; The Orangist restoration (1747-1751) -- Pt. IV: Intellectual emancipation. The overthrow of humanist criticism. Ars critica ; Secularization of the sacred ; Man and myth -- The recovery of Greek thought ; 'Rationalizing the gods': disputing Xenophanes ; Strato, Spinoza, and the Philosophes ; Spinozism: a reworking of Greek Stoicism? -- The rise of 'history of philosophy'. Pre-Enlightenment 'history of philosophy' ; German eclecticism and the rise of a new discipline ; 'Radical Renaissance' --From 'history of philosophy' to history of l'Esprit humain. Fontenelle, Boulainvilliers, and 'l'histoire de l'esprit humain' ; Diderot and the history of human thought -- Italy, the two Enlightenments, and Vico's 'new science'. Italy embraces the mainstream Enlightenment ; Vico's 'Divine providence' ; A restored Italo-Greek wisdom? -- Pt. V: The party of humanity. The problem of equality. Enlightenment and basic equality ; Aristocracy, radical thought, and educational reform -- Sex, marriage, and the equality of women. Cartesianism and female equality ; Marriage, chastity, and prostitution ; The erotic emancipation of woman, and man --Race, radical thought, and the advent of anti-colonialism. Enlightenment against empire ; Slavery and the early Enlightenment ; Empire and national identity -- Rethinking Islam: philosophy and the 'other'. Islam and toleration ; Bayle and Ibn Rushd (Averroes) ; Ibn Tufayl and the hidden wisdom of the East ; The clandestine 'Enlightenment' of the Zindikites --Spinoza, Confucius, and classical Chinese philosophy. China and Spinozismus ante Spinozam ; Leibniz, Wolff, and Chinese prisca theologia ; Voltaire, Montesquieu, and China -- Is religion needed for a well-ordered society? Separating morality from theology ; 'Moderate' Enlightenment deist morality ; Radical thought and the construction of a secular morality --Pt. VI: Radical Philosophes. The French Enlightenment prior to Voltaire's Lettres philosophiques (1734). The post-1715 reaction to absolutism ; The materialist challenge ; Clandestinity -- Men, animals, plants, and fossils: French Hylozoic Matérialisme before Diderot -- Realigning the Parti philosophique: Voltaire, Voltairianisme, Antivoltairianisme (1732-1745). Voltaire's Enlightenment ; The defeat of Voltaire and the French 'Newtonians' ; Breakdown of the Lockean-Newtonian synthesis -- From Voltaire to Diderot -- The 'unvirtuous atheist'. The 'Affaire La Mettrie' (1745-1752) ; Atheistic amoralism -- The Parti philosophique embraces the radical Enlightenment. Radicalization of the Diderot circle ; The 'quarrel' of the Esprit des lois (1748-1752) -- The 'war of the Encyclopédie': the first stage (1745-1752) -- Postscript.
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