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03301aam a2200457 i 4500 001 9F0244CAFFE911EBB6EAFDEE22ECA4DB 003 SILO 005 20210818010020 008 201202s2021 nyuab b 001 0 eng 010 $a 2020046086 020 $a 023120065X 020 $a 9780231200653 020 $a 0231200641 020 $a 9780231200646 035 $a (OCoLC)1204636072 040 $a DGU/DLC $b eng $e rda $c DLC $d OCLCO $d OCLCF $d BDX $d YDX $d SILO 042 $a pcc 043 $a a-le--- 050 00 $a DS87.5 $b .H326 2021 082 00 $a 956.9204/4 $2 23 100 1 $a HaÂgerdal, Nils, $e author. 245 10 $a Friend or foe : $b militia intelligence and ethnic violence in the Lebanese Civil War / $c Nils HaÂgerdal. 264 1 $a New York : $b Columbia University Press, $c [2021] 300 $a xiii, 223 pages : $b illustrations, maps ; $c 24 cm. 490 1 $a Columbia studies in Middle East politics 504 $a Includes bibliographical references and index. 505 0 $a Ethnic Violence in Nonseparatist Wars -- The Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990 -- Demographics, Migration, and Violence -- Lebanon's Christian Militias -- Palestinian, Muslim, and Left-Wing Armed Groups. 520 $a "In wars fought across an ethnic divide many combatants use ethnicity as a proxy for political loyalties because it is an easy informational shortcut. What is more difficult - for those armed groups that do not seek ethnic separation as a political goal - is to correctly identify non-coethnics who remain neutral and distinguish this group from those who pose a military threat. How do armed groups gather intelligence in civil wars? Under what conditions will they rely on ethnicity as a heuristic device, and when do they utilize other kinds of intelligence? In this book, HaÂgerdal argues that the role of ethnicity can vary even within the same conflict. When other modes of intelligence collection become too resource-demanding many armed groups resort to ethnic cleansing as a last option: information is costly, and ethnicity is a cheap source of an expensive good. HaÂgerdal explores the role of ethnicity, violence, and intelligence-gathering through the study of the Lebanese civil war of 1975-1990, using a novel nationwide dataset covering over 1,400 villages or neighborhoods and more than 70 interviews conducted in English and Arabic during 16 months of fieldwork. This novel study marks an innovative contribution to the literatures on ethnic cleansing, civil war violence, and the politics of sectarianism in the Arab World"-- $c Provided by publisher. 650 0 $a Ethnic conflict $z Lebanon. 651 0 $a Lebanon $x History $y Civil War, 1975-1990. 651 0 $a Lebanon $x Ethnic relations. 650 7 $a Ethnic conflict. $2 fast $0 (OCoLC)fst00915943 650 7 $a Ethnic relations. $2 fast $0 (OCoLC)fst00916005 651 7 $a Lebanon. $2 fast $0 (OCoLC)fst01206063 648 7 $a 1975-1990 $2 fast 655 7 $a History. $2 fast $0 (OCoLC)fst01411628 776 08 $i Online version: $a HaÂgerdal, Nils. $t Friend or foe $d New York : Columbia University Press, 2021. $z 9780231553728 $w (DLC) 2020046087 830 0 $a Columbia studies in Middle East politics. 941 $a 1 952 $l OVUX522 $d 20220317031144.0 956 $a http://locator.silo.lib.ia.us/search.cgi?index_0=id&term_0=9F0244CAFFE911EBB6EAFDEE22ECA4DBInitiate Another SILO Locator Search