Machine generated contents note: One Belt One Road Initiative and 'Community of Shared Future for Mankind'. Diversity of Early Cultures -- When did China Cross the Threshold of Civilisation? -- Early Cultures Before the Advent of Civilisation -- Settlements in Late Yangshao -- B. Jiangzhai I -- B. Dadiwan IV -- C. Proto-city -- Nature of the Proto-City -- City-state Concept -- City-States in Western Ancient Civilisations -- A. City-states in ancient Egypt -- B. City-states in Mesopotamia -- Society in Longshan Period -- Longshan Settlements and Cities -- A. City Structure and Function -- Conclusion: Urban Civilisation of the Longshan Period -- Xia Dynasty Set the Foundation for China's Civilisation -- Xia Dynasty Seen From Ancient Texts and Archaeological Finds -- A. King List and Major Historical Events -- B. Territorial Composition of the Empire -- Xia Opened a New Era in Chinese Civilisation -- A. Start of the Bronze Age -- B. Rite and Music System and the Hereditary Empire -- Xia's Spatial Organisation and Urban System -- A. The Core -- B. The Periphery -- Xia Urban civilisation As reflected by the capital city Erlitou -- A. Erlitou -- B. The Audience Hall and Ancestral Temple -- C. Craft and Commoners Quarters -- D. Other Cities -- Conclusion: First Hereditary State in Chinese Civilisation -- A. Xia Dynasty was a Real Existence -- B. From Grand Harmony to a Well-off Feudal Society -- C. Hereditary Feudal Empire and Capital City Planning -- First Dynasty with Surviving Written History -- Shang State and Shang Civilisation -- A. Early Shang: Xiaqiyuan Culture -- B. Shang's King List, Patrilineal Succession -- Ruling Philosophy, Society, Administrative System and Territory of Shang -- A. The Benevolent Monarch -- B. Territorial Extent and Composition -- C. Administration and Military Arrangement -- D. Economy, Taxation, Currency, Trade and Code of Law -- E. Bronze Metallurgy and its Spread -- Shang Urban Development -- A. Urban System in Erligang -- B. Urban System in Late Shang (Yinxu) -- Conclusion: Feudalism that Characterised Chinese Urban Civilisation -- Historical Watershed in Chinese Civilisation -- Zhou State and its Ideology -- A. Feudal System -- B. Zhou Territory and Bureaucracy -- C. Zong Fa System and the New State Religion -- D. Well-field System and Town and Country Divide -- Laws, Canons, Institutions, and Education -- A. Five Classics -- B. Education to Civilise: the System and its Curriculum -- "Kao Gong Ji" and Chinese City Planning -- A. Principles, Procedures, and the Ideal Layout -- B. Wang Cheng -- the Imperial City -- Feudalism Replaced By New Centralism -- The Iron Age -- New Urbanism in Eastern Zhou and Warring States -- A. Linzi -- B. Qufu -- Conclusion: Formalised Chinese City form -- New Imperial Dynasty and the Notion of 'China' -- New Administrative and Economic Setting -- Urbanisation and the City in the Han -- Han Dyasty City Structure -- A. Changan -- B. Luoyang -- C. Linzi -- D. Wan -- E. Chengdu -- F. Handan -- Conclusion -- From Fragmentation to Great Unity -- Tang Government System and Society -- Urbanisation and City Growth in the Tang -- A. New Metropolises in South China -- B. Canal Cities -- C. Cities along the Yangtze -- D. Seaport Cities in the Southeast -- E. Administrative and Military Cities -- Tang Dynasty City Structure -- A. Changan -- B. Luoyang (Capital of Bei Wei) -- C. Guangling (Yangzhou) -- D. Panyu (present day Guangzhou) -- Conclusion -- Introduction: New Heights in Chinese Civilisation -- Characteristics of Song Society -- A. Decline of Military Prowess -- B. Ascendance of Civilian Officials and Revival of Confucianism -- C. The Mercantile State -- Urbanisation Dynamics in the Song -- A. Growth of the Urban Economy -- B. Emergence of Commercial Townships and 'Grass Markets' -- C. Growth of Riverside, Coastal and Frontier Urban Centres -- A New Urban Society -- A. New Urban Capitalist Class -- B. Emergence of the Urban Masses -- C. Change in Urban Function and Urban-rural Relationship -- Key Cities within the Chinese Geographical Space (970-1279 AD) -- A. Kaifeng -- B. Linan (Present Day Hangzhou) -- C. Pingjiang (Present Day Suzhou) -- D. Mingzhou (Present day Ningbo) -- E. Cities in Xi Xia, Liao and Jin -- Conclusion: Innovations Led to Development in Civilisation -- Urban Civilisation Downturn in the Yuan -- A. Yuan Succeeded Song, Yet Chinese Civilisation Persisted Under Duress -- B. Pro-Mongol Discrimination Hurt Cultural and Economic Development -- C. Urban Development Tilted Towards South China -- Ming: Revival of Chinese Civilisation and Self-Esteem -- A. Military Prowess and Territorial Security -- B. Revival of "Rule by Virtue", Education and "State of Rituals and Righteousness" -- C. Economic Development -- Urbanisation in the Ming -- Ming City Examples -- A. Nanjing -- B. Beijing -- C. Linqing -- D. Datong -- Conclusion: Chinese Civilisation Resurged -- Qing Dynasty: Watershed in Chinese History -- A. Manchu Rule: Another Example of Integration with Frontier Minorities -- B. Revenge for the Ming Emperor: Unity of Han and Non-Han Peoples -- C. Neo-Confucian Policies: Agriculture, Righteous Rule and Education -- Qing Urbanisation, Period I: Traditional Urbanism -- A. Dynamics of Urban Growth -- B. Neo-Confucianism -- Qing Urbanism: Period II -- Coming of Western Influences -- A. Influence of Western Powers -- B. Urbanisation Under Western Sway -- C. New City Types Impacted by Western Influence -- D. Other Modern Cities and the Spatial Pattern of Urbanisation -- City Examples -- A. Guangzhou -- B. Xi'an -- C. Hankou -- D. Shanghai -- Conclusion: Conflict of Civilisations between China and Western Powers -- A. Neo-Confucianism in Early Qing -- B. Warning Call for Chinese Civilisation -- Search for Solution to China's Modern Problems -- Socialist Approach of the PRC (1949-1981) -- A. Mao Zedong led His People Back on Their Feet -- B. Cities as Containers of the New Chinese Civilisation -- C. Role of the City Under China's Socialism -- Urbanisation Process before the Opening and Reform, 1949-1981 -- A. Definition of City and Township and a New Planned Development -- B. Impact of the Great Leap Forward -- C. Impact of the Cultural Revolution -- Maoist Urban Civilisation (1949-1981) -- A. Massive Organised Migrations -- B. 'Production First; Livelihood Second' -- C. Functional Transformation of the City -- D. The City-Region -- E. Socialist Elements in the Planning of the Internal Structure of the City -- Transition to Socialist-Market Economy (1981-Date) -- A. Post Cold War Opening and Reform -- B. A New Stage of Globalisation -- C. Emergence of Extended Metropolitan Regions -- D. Shenzhen: the Transitional City -- Peaceful Reemergence: 2005 and after -- Conclusion: A New Page of Chinese Urban Civilisation -- City and Civilisation -- The Evolution of China's Urban Civilisation -- A. From Round Moated Settlements to the Emergence of Civilisation in Longshan Cities -- B. Sandai: Establishment of Rule of Righteousness and Following Music and Rituals -- C. Confucianism from Han to Qing dynasties -- D. The Five Axes of Chinese Civilisation -- Changes in the Traditional Chinese City -- Deliberation on Contemporary Direction of Chinese Civilisation -- 1. Characteristics of Chinese Civilisation -- 2. Capabilities of Chinese Civilisation to Respond to Challenges -- 3. Discourse on Conflict of Civilisation and 'End of History' -- 4. The China Model: Beijing Consensus -- Chinese Cultural Renaissance -- A. Improving the Path of Sustainable Development: Party Discipline, Rule of Law and Spatial Connectivity- -- B. One Belt One Road Initiative and 'Community of Shared Future for Mankind'.
Summary:
"The emergence of a city marks the beginning of a civilisation. The city, especially the leading cities of a country, is also where the major features of a country are contained and where historical events play out. This book introduces readers to the progress of China's civilisation over more than 5000 years of history, through the rise and development of its cities. From the prehistoric Yangshuo and Longshan periods all the way to the People's Republic, this book outlines major events and developments to highlight the evolution of the Chinese civilisation. Using historical dynasties and urban dynamics as vertical dimensions, it examines major historical events, economic developments, territorial changes, and other developments over China's long history. It also discusses the uniqueness of China's history and compares its civilisations to Western experiences"-- Provided by publisher.
This resource is supported by the Institute of Museum and Library Services under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act as administered by State Library of Iowa.