Machine generated contents note: References and Further Reading. What Is Anthropology? -- Subfields of Anthropology -- Anthropology of Science -- Normative View of Science: Scientific Method -- Social Matrix of Science -- Relativizing Science -- Origins of Anthropology -- Origins of Physical Anthropology -- Biological Anthropology Today -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Beginnings of a New View of Nature -- Scientific Revolution -- Decline of Degeneration -- Anatomy of a "Pygmie" -- Biblical Fallibility, or at Least Incompleteness -- Monogenism -- Cause and Effect -- Great Chain of Being -- Buffon's Objection to the Nested Hierarchy -- Extinction -- Natural Theology -- Uniformitarian Geology -- Adam's World -- Human Evolution -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Darwin's Argument -- Where People Fit In -- Sacrifice -- Implications for Pattern -- Implications for Species -- Implications for Biological History -- Implications for Relating Humans to Other Animals -- Phylogeny: The Core of Darwinism -- Other Darwinisms -- Social Darwinism -- Neo-Darwinism -- "Synthetic Theory" -- Evolution at the Molecular Level -- Punctuated Equilibria -- Sociobiology -- Universal Darwinism -- Atheistic Darwinism -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Theory of Particulate Inheritance: Mendel's Laws -- Ten Non-Mendelian Laws -- Chromosome Theory -- Linkage -- Crossing-Over -- Polygenic Inheritance -- Environmental Influence on Phenotypes -- Unit Characters -- Properties of Heterozygotes -- Pleiotropy -- Imprinting -- Extra-Nuclear Inheritance -- Molecular Genomic Basis of Heredity -- Alpha-Globin Gene Cluster -- Mutation -- Meanings of the Gene and Genetics -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Do Things Exist for a Reason? -- Principal Abstraction: The Gene Pool -- Gene Flow -- Inbreeding -- Natural Selection -- Genetic Drift -- Sickle Cell -- Why Is the Gene Pool the Way It Is? -- Adaptation or Founder Effect? -- Another Point Illustrated by Sickle Cell and Phenylketonuria -- Sickle Cell, Tay-Sachs, and Genetic Screening -- Kinship as a Biocultural Construction -- Genetic History and the Diversity Project -- Who Owns the Body? -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Speciation -- Specific Mate Recognition Systems -- Genetic Systems Producing Incompatibility -- Species as Individuals -- Levels and Rates of Evolution -- Developmental Genetics -- Allometric Growth -- Extinction -- Classification -- Systematics and Phylogeny -- Classical and Cladistic Taxonomy -- Phylogenetics -- Limitations of the Phylogenetic Method -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Primate Classification -- Problems of Uniformitarianism -- Genetic and Anatomical Data -- Mammals -- Our Place in Primate Systematics -- Living Apes -- African Ape Clade -- Cladism, Reductionism, and the Rise of the Hominins -- What Does It Mean to Be 98% Genetically Chimpanzee? -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- What Primates Can and Can't Tell Us -- Primate Fieldwork -- Primates in Groups -- Social Behavior and Ecology -- Food -- Sexual Activity and Parenthood -- Models for Human Evolution -- Baboons in the Sixties, Chimps in the Nineties -- Looking Elsewhere for Clues about Human Evolution -- Ape Mind -- Culture -- Conservation -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Human Nature -- Most Fundamental Human Adaptation: Bipedalism -- Why Be Bipedal? -- Second Fundamental Human Adaptation: The Teeth -- Why Reduce the Canines? -- Third Fundamental Human Adaptation: The Brain -- Why Be Big Brained? -- Social and Life-History Novelties -- Physiological and Sexual Novelties -- What Does It Take to Make a Scenario of Human Evolution Valuable? -- Cultural Evolution -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Scientific Inferences across Time -- Skeletal Biology -- Sexual Dimorphism -- Ontogeny -- Geographic Variation -- Paleopathology -- Sources of Morphological Variation -- Lumping and Splitting -- Fossilization -- Other Considerations -- Rights and Responsibilities in Paleoanthropology -- Kinds of Evidence -- Superposition and Association -- Dating -- Doing the Best We Can with Lost Data -- Making Sense of Human Ancestry -- Classifying the Living Apes and Fossil Ancestors -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Shadow of Piltdown Man -- Hominid Origin -- Discovery of the Australopiths -- Australopithecus: Basal Bipeds -- Paranthropus: The Dental Adaptation -- Early Homo: The Mental Adaptation -- Beginning of Cultural Evolution -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Human Lineage -- Mental and Social Life of Homo erectus -- Homo sapiens, the Wise Species -- Neandertal Life -- Anatomically Modern People -- Emergence of Art -- Political Nature of Ancestry -- Testing Paleontological Models Genetically -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Race -- Patterns of Contemporary Human Variation -- Why Do We See Races? -- Race as a Biocultural Category -- Asking Scientific Questions about Human Diversity -- Race Is to Ethnicity as Sex Is to Gender, But Not Quite -- What Is Innate? -- Patterns of Human Genetic and Behavioral Variation -- References and Further Reading -- Theme -- Adaptability and the Human Condition -- Folk Theories of Heredity -- State of the Species -- Anthropology of Science -- Bioethics -- Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA): Who Owns the Bones? -- Origin Myths, Scientific and Otherwise -- Biocultural Studies, or Cyborg Anthropology -- References and Further Reading.
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