Case overview: Frontiero v. Richardson (1973). The court's decision: differential treatment of men and women is unconstitutional / William J. Brennan Jr. -- The statute in question treating men and women differently is reasonable / Erwin N. Griswold, Harlington Wood Jr., Mark L. Evans -- The decision in Frontiero was a key step toward equality for women / Christine Basic -- The Frontiero decision helped women achieve equality in the military / Lory Manning -- The reasoning in Frontiero protecting women supports protection of homosexuals / Thomas B. Scheffey -- Case overview: Orr v. Orr (1979). The court's decision: legislation distributing benefits and burdens by gender is unconstitutional / William J. Brennan Jr. -- Dissenting opinion: no sex discrimination exists for an individual who is not harmed / William H. Rehnquist -- Men receiving alimony still suffer stigmatization years after Orr / Anita Raghavan -- Women are increasingly paying alimony as equality requires / Betsy Schiffman -- Case overview: Johnson v. Transportation Agency (1987). The court's decision: taking account of sex in order to eliminate underrepresentation in employment is constitutional / William J. Brennan Jr. -- Dissenting opinion: in employment, taking sex into account for any reason is sex discrimination / Antonin Scalia -- Brennanism / Daniel Seligman -- The relevance of Johnson for ad hoc affirmative action is unclear / Michael Starr and Adam J. Heft -- Case overview: Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (2007). The court's decision: filing for pay discrimination is subject to time limits / Samuel A. Alito Jr. -- Dissenting opinion: current pay disparities between men and women are acts of sex discrimination / Ruth Bader Ginsburg -- Ledbetter was not unjustly decided / Stuart Taylor Jr. -- Congress should overturn Ledbetter / Dahlia Lithwick -- The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act will create many problems / Andrew M. Grossman.
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