Razi's escape from taqlid in philosophy -- Razi's escape from taqlid in exegesis -- The Qurʼan's method -- Razi's engagement with the Muʻtazila -- The opponents of Muʻtazilite taʼwil -- Razi's critique of classical Ashʻarism -- Razi's integration of the Muʻtazilite interpretive method into Sunnism -- The epistemological criterion for taʼwil -- Razi's rationalist objection to scripture -- The priority of reason over scripture -- The rational justification for the Prophet's credibility -- Miracles and the boundaries of reason -- The reception of Razi's methodology in Islamic traditionalism: Ibn Taymiyya on Tazi -- Razi's appropriation of Avicenna's philosophical exegesis -- Razi's reception of Ghazali's interpretation of light -- Razi's divergences from Avicenna and Ghazali: light as the bestowal of knowledge -- Razi's exegesis on the soul (nafs) and spirit (ruḥ): structure and strategy -- The soul's quiddity (mahiyya) and its temporal origination (ḥuduth) -- The soul's relation to the body -- Razi's doctrine on the vital spirit (ruḥ) -- The soul's separability: sleep and death -- The Prophet's soul.
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