Introduction : nineteenth-century ideas of nature and their role in Civil War strategy -- Hostile territory : Union operations along the Lower Mississippi, 1862-1863 -- Broken country : Union campaigns at and around Vicksburg, 1863 -- Ravaged ground : Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, 1864 -- Devoured land : Sherman's Georgia and Carolina campaigns, 1864-1865 -- Conclusion : making a desert and calling it peace.
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