Wild guesses in an era of scientific ignorance -- The ancient world -- Monotheistic religious interpretations -- The descriptive embryology of male and female development -- The discovery of the egg in higher eukaryotes -- The discovery of sperm in higher eukaryotes -- The discovery of sex hormones -- Ploidy levels and sex determination -- The discovery of sex chromosomes -- The balance theory of sex determination -- The discovery of sex in microorganisms -- The history and interpretations of hermaphrodites and intersexes -- Dosage compensation and the sex chromosomes -- The discovery of human sex chromosome conditions -- The seven sexes of humans -- The identification and role of sex-determining genes -- The history of homosexuality -- The history of behavioral gender assignment -- The evolution of sex determination -- What does it mean to have an assigned sex? -- The quest for a unified theory of sex, gender, and sexuality -- Afterword -- Appendix: Secondary literature and the relation of biology to sex and gender -- Glossary.
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