The elusive nature of smiling / Millicent H. Abel -- Smiles, lies, and emotion / Mark G. Frank -- The behavioral ecology view of smiling and other facial expressions / Alan J. Fridlund -- What do smiles mean?: an analysis in terms of differential emotions theory / Jo Ann A. Abe, Michael Beetham and Carroll E. Izard -- Smiling in infancy / Laura H. Bolzani, Daniel S. Messinger and Marygrace Yale -- Smiling in children: displays and their meaning / Karen Caplovitz Barrett -- Gender differences in smiling / Judith A. Hall, Dana R. Carney and Nora A. Murphy -- Who to whom and why- cultural differences and similarities in the function of smiles / Ursula Hess, Martin G. BeaupreĢ and Nicole Cheung -- The therapeutic effects of smiling / Millicent H. Abel and Rebecca Hester -- Conclusion: The not so elusive nature of smiling / Millicent H. Abel.
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