Ancient & Medieval: Socrates -- Plato -- Aristotle -- Marcus Aurelius -- Saint Thomas Aquinas -- Renaissance: Niccolo Machiavelli -- Francis Bacon -- 17th Century: Thomas Hobbes -- Rene Descartes -- Blaise Pascal -- John Locke -- Baruch Spinoza -- Gottfried Leibniz -- 18th Century: George Berkeley -- Voltaire -- David Hume -- Jean-Jacques Rousseau -- Immanuel Kant -- Thomas Paine -- Jeremy Bentham -- Georg Hegel -- 19th Century: Arthur Schopenhauer -- John Stuart Mill -- Soren Kierkegaard -- Karl Marx -- Charles Sanders Pierce -- William James -- Friedrich Nietzsche -- Edmund Husserl -- John Dewey -- 20th Century: Bertrand Russell -- Ludwig Wittgenstein -- Martin Heidegger -- Sir Karl Popper -- Jean-Paul Sartre -- AJ Ayer -- Michel Foucault -- Index.
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