1. Early childhood education, diversity, and educational equity: current realities. The why of early childhood : Why the increased focus on early childhood programs right now? -- Who attends public programs for young children? : Enrollment trend for children from diverse backgrounds ; The demographics of poverty ; How does poverty affect children's learning and achievement? -- Dual language learners and early childhood education : ECE programs and dual language learners -- Guiding principles for supporting dual language learners -- Early education standards movement and diversity -- 2. How research continues to expand our understanding of child growth and development. The science of early education: early experiences and brain development -- Brain development and poverty : Multiple languages and brain development -- Socioemotional roots of all learning: the importance of positive relationships : The importance of resiliency ; What teachers can do to promote resiliency ; Risk and resiliency in young children -- 3. Research on the growth and development of young dual language learners. Current science on the development of young dual language learners -- How do young children learn a second language? : Simultaneous versus sequential second language acquisition ; Code switching/language mixing ; Rate of English acquisition -- Impact of early bilingualism on cognitive, socioemotional, and academic development : Loss of home language ; Bilingualism and socioemotional development ; Differences between dual language learners and monolinguals -- Research on different curriculum/program approaches for young dual language learners : Types of programs ; Research on dual language approaches ; Transfer of early literacy skills from Spanish to English ; How much instruction in the home language? -- Engaging dual language families -- Seven common myths about young dual language learners. Appendices : A. Promising programs for young dual language learners -- B. Resources for serving young children from diverse backgrounds -- C. Information on technology for young diverse learners -- D. Sample individualized language plan. Assessments to inform instructional planning and monitor progress : Assessing to inform teaching and learning ; Assessing to support language development ; Ongoing assessment strategies ; How can English oral language proficiency skills be assessed ; Teacher reflection based on daily assessments -- Engaging families in the child's learning experience : Getting to know the family ; Parent education classes and community support organization ; Community field trips -- 5. The road forward for young children from diverse backgrounds. Conclusions from current research and implications for best practices -- High-quality curriculum for children from low-income families : An intentional curriculum ; Professional development and effective teacher support -- Schools, families, and communities working together : Comprehensive support for families ; Family engagement and dual language learner families ; The promise of technology for children from diverse backgrounds-- Appendices : A. Promising programs for young dual language learners -- B. Resources for serving young children from diverse backgrounds -- C. Information on technology for young diverse learners -- D. Sample individualized language plan.
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