References and additional reading -- 5. Achievement assessment and instruction -- Relation between instruction and assessment -- Assessment in the instructional process -- Other ways assessments can aid learning -- Teachers' standards for student assessment -- Summary of points -- References and additional readings -- 2. Nature of student assessment -- Major types of assessment methods -- Guidelines for effective student assessment -- Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced assessment -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- 3. Planning for assessment -- Using taxonomies as a guideline -- Role of instructional objectives -- Preparing for assessment -- Types of assessment procedures -- Validity and reliability in assessment planning -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- 4. Validity and reliability -- Validity -- Reliability -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- 5. preparing and using achievement tests -- Specifying the instructional objectives -- Preparing the test specifications -- Considerations in constructing relevant test items -- General guidelines for item writing -- Arranging the items in the test -- Preparing directions -- Administering and scoring the test -- Analyzing the effectiveness of test items -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- 12. References and additional reading -- Nature of multiple-choice items -- Rules for writing multiple-choice items -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- 7. Writing selection items : true-false, matching, and interpretive exercise -- True-false items -- Matching items -- The interpretive exercise -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- 8. Writing supply items : short answer and essay -- Short-answer items -- Essay questions -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- 9. Performance assessments -- Components of performance skills -- Stating objectives for performance assessment -- Restricted and extended performance tasks -- Steps in preparing performance assessments -- Making performance assessments more authentic -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- 10. Preparing for performance assessments -- Prepare the environment -- Prepare the student -- Prepare the observer -- Diagnostic performance assessments -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- 11. Portfolio assessment -- Advantages of using classroom portfolios -- Planning for the use of portfolios -- Evaluating the portfolio -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- 12. Grading and reporting -- Selecting the basis for grading -- Combining data for grading -- Electronic grading -- Guidelines for effective and fair grading -- Reporting to students and parents -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- 13. Index. Features of standardized achievement tests -- Interpreting norm-references scores -- Criterion-referenced interpretation -- Summary of points -- References and additional reading -- Appendix : Revised edition of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives -- Glossary -- Index.
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