Introduction -- The first "Medieval" advocates -- Putting down roots in ninth-century Francia -- The "aristocratization" of post-Carolingian advocacy -- Elite competition at the turn of the first millennium -- The limits of church reform -- Pigs and sheep, beer and wine, pennies and pounds -- A hyistory of violence -- Weapons of the not-so-weak -- The murder of Archbishop Engelber -- Widening the lens -- The emperor as vogt, ca. 1000-1500 -- From lordship to government? -- Reframing the history of violence -- Crossing the false divide : advocates after 1500 -- A cultural history of the rapacious advocate, or : William Tell's revenge -- Conclusion.
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