Chapter 14. Electronic Steering Control Systems -- Need for Suspension Systems -- Need for Steering Systems -- Development of Suspension and Steering Systems -- Suspension System Development -- Steering System Development -- Modern Suspension System Components -- Front Suspension Components -- Rear Suspension Components -- Steering System Components -- Rack-and-Pinion Steering -- Conventional Steering Systems -- Power Steering Systems -- Four-Wheel Steering -- Vehicle Frames and Bodies -- Body-over-Frame Construction -- Unibody Construction -- Center of Gravity -- Vehicle Drive Train Types -- Front-Wheel Drive -- Rear-Wheel Drive -- Four-Wheel Drive -- Electronic Control of Steering and Suspension -- Electronic Suspension Control -- Electronic Steering Control -- Chapter 2. Shop Safety and Environmental Protection -- Carelessness: The Usual Cause of Accidents -- Types of Accidents -- Danger of Spring Tension -- Maintaining a Safe Workplace -- Performing Work Procedures Properly -- Preventing Environmental Damage -- Preventing Solid Waste Contamination -- Preventing Liquid Waste Contamination -- Preventing Damage to the Atmosphere -- Environmental Protection Agency -- Chapter 3. Special Service Tools and Equipment -- Importance of Quality Tools -- Basic Suspension and Steering Tools -- Ball Joint and Tie Rod End Removal Tools -- Coil Spring Compressor -- Bushing Installers -- Steering Wheel Puller -- Pitman Arm Puller -- Inner Tie Rod Tools -- Tire, Wheel, and Bearing Tools -- Wheel Bearing Service Tools -- Seal Drivers -- Torque Sticks -- Wheel Weight Tools -- Other Tools -- Pry Bars -- Hammers -- Punches and Drifts -- Metal Cutting Tools -- Power Steering Tools -- Belt Tension Gauge -- Pressure Gauges -- Steering Effort Gauge -- Line Wrenches -- Pulley Removers -- Special Tools for Pumps and Gearboxes -- Alignment Tools -- Tie Rod Sleeve Adjusters -- Lever-Type Adjusting Tools -- Threaded Adjusting Tools -- Alignment Wrenches -- Four-Wheel Steering Alignment Tools -- Electrical and Electronic Testers -- Test Lights -- Multimeters -- Scan Tools -- Special Suspension and Steering Testers -- Harshness and Vibration Testers -- Measuring Tools -- Dial Indicators -- Torque Wrenches -- Suspension and Steering Service Equipment -- Mechanical Alignment Testers -- Alignment Machines -- Tire Installation Machines -- Wheel Balance Machines -- Hydraulic Press -- Cleaning Equipment -- Floor Jacks and Lifts -- Brake Pedal Lock -- Steering Wheel Lock -- Chapter 4. Common Suspension System Components -- Springs -- Spring Operation -- Spring Oscillations -- Spring Rate -- Modern Spring Types -- Coil Springs -- Leaf Springs -- Torsion Bars -- Air Springs -- Shock Absorbers -- Shock Absorber Mountings -- Shock Absorber Operation -- Shock Absorber Variations -- Control Arms -- Control Arms with Two Frame Mountings -- Control Arms with One Frame Mounting -- Steering Knuckles -- Driving Knuckles -- Non-Driving Knuckles -- Ball Joints -- Ball Joint Lubrication -- Ball Joint Loading -- Bushings -- Torsion Bushings -- Compression Bushings -- Stabilizer Bars -- Chapter 5. Front Suspension Systems -- Job of the Front Suspension -- MacPherson Strut Front Suspensions -- Upper Strut Mounting -- Lower Strut Mounting -- Other MacPherson Strut Parts -- MacPherson Strut Variations -- Conventional Independent Front Suspensions -- Short-Long Arm Suspension Design -- Conventional Suspension Variations -- Solid and I-Beam Axle Front Suspensions -- Ball Joints or Kingpins? -- Solid Axle Front Suspensions -- Twin I-Beam Axle Front Suspensions -- Ball Joint Loading -- MacPherson Strut Suspensions -- Conventional Suspensions -- Solid and Twin I-Beam Suspensions -- Chapter 6. Front Suspension System Service -- Checking the Front Suspension -- Suspension Part Life -- Cautions for Spring-Loaded Suspension Parts -- Checking Suspension Parts -- Visual Inspection of Suspension Parts -- Manual Inspection -- Checks with Measuring Tools -- Replacing Front Suspension Parts -- Check Replacement Parts -- Strut Cartridge and Shock Absorber Replacement -- Ball Joint Replacement -- Control Arms and Control Arm Bushing Replacement -- Solid and Twin I-Beam Axle and Bushing Replacement -- Strut Rod and Strut Rod Bushing Replacement -- Stabilizer Bar and Bushing Replacement -- Spring Replacement -- Torsion Bar Replacement -- Kingpin Service -- Chapter 7. Rear Suspension Systems -- Job of the Rear Suspension -- Types of Suspensions -- Solid Rear Axles -- Non-Driving Axles/Driving Axles -- Independent Rear Axles -- Non-Driving Axles/Driving Axles -- Semi-Independent Rear Axle -- Air Adjustable Rear Suspensions -- Air Supply Method -- Chapter 8. Rear Suspension System Service -- Rear Suspension Problems -- Safety Reminders -- Checking Rear Suspension Parts -- Visual Inspection of Suspension Parts -- Manual Inspection of Suspension Parts -- Inspecting Shock Absorbers and Strut Cartridges -- Checking Air Shock Absorbers and Control Systems -- Replacing Rear Suspension Components -- Replacing MacPherson Struts and Shock Absorbers -- Replacing Control Arms and Stabilizer Bars/Replacing Ball Joints -- Replacing Springs -- Adding Helper Springs -- Replacing Solid Rear Axle Assemblies -- Servicing Air Shock Absorbers and Control Systems -- Adding Air Shock Absorbers to a Vehicle -- Chapter 9. Steering Systems -- Job of the Steering System -- Common Steering System Parts -- Steering Wheels -- Steering Columns and Shafts -- Steering Arms and Ball Sockets -- Types of Steering Systems -- Steering Ratio -- Rack-and-Pinion -- Steering -- Conventional Steering -- Power Steering Systems -- Pressure Development and Control -- Rack-and-Pinion Power Steering -- Conventional Linkage Power Steering -- Four-Wheel Steering -- Hydraulic/Electronic Four-Wheel Steering/Electromechanical Four-Wheel Steering -- Chapter 10. Steering Linkage and Manual Steering Gear Service -- Checking the Steering System -- Steering System Part Life -- Checking Steering Effort -- Checking Steering Wheels, Columns, and Shafts -- Checking Steering Linkage -- Checking Steering Gears -- Servicing Steering System Components -- Steering Wheel, Column, and Shaft Service -- Steering Linkage Replacement/Manual Steering Gear Service -- Chapter 11. Power Steering and Four Wheel Steering Service -- Checking the Power Steering System -- Power Steering System Maintenance -- Checking Power Steering Systems -- Checking Four-Wheel Steering Systems -- Servicing Steering System Components -- Power Steering Service -- Four-Wheel Steering--Rear Steering Gear Service -- Bleeding and Flushing Power Steering Systems -- Chapter 12. Driveline and Wheel Components -- Driveline Components -- Independent Drive Axles -- Solid Drive Axles -- Drive Shafts -- Flexible Joints -- Wheel Components -- Wheel Bearings -- Hubs and Axle Flanges -- Wheel Rims -- Tires -- Wheel Fasteners -- Chapter 13. Driveline and Wheel Service -- Checking Drivelines and Wheels -- Inspecting Driveline Components -- Inspecting Wheel Components -- Driveline Component Service -- Periodic Maintenance of Driveline Components -- CV Axle Service -- Solid Axle Shaft Service -- Drive Shaft Service -- Wheel Component Service -- Bearing Service -- Rim Service -- Tire Service -- Wheel Fastener Service -- Chapter 14. Electronic Suspension and Steering Systems -- Electronic Suspension System Fundamentals -- Electronic Suspension Input Sensors -- Electronic Suspension Control Module -- Electronic Suspension Output Devices -- Types of Electronic Suspension Systems -- Air-Operated Ride and Height Control -- Hydraulic Damping Systems -- Combination Systems -- Electronic Steering Control Systems -- Suspension and Steering Troubleshooting Chart. Control System Operation -- Appendix C. Electronic Suspension and Steering Service -- Electronic Suspension and Steering Problems -- Checking System Operation -- Diagnostic Trouble Code Retrieval -- Retrieving Trouble Codes Using a Scan Tool -- Reading Codes Using Dashboard Lights -- Reading Codes Using a Voltmeter -- Interpreting Diagnostic Trouble Codes -- Checking For Electrical Problems -- Using Diagnostic Charts -- Inspecting Electronic Suspension Components -- Self-Diagnostic Mode -- Checking Input Devices -- Testing the Control Module -- Checking Output Devices -- Checking Air-Operated Components -- Performing a Height Check -- Checking Hydraulic System Components -- Electronic Suspension Component Service -- Adjusting System Components -- Replacing System Components -- Checking Electronic Steering Systems -- Checking Components -- Electronic Steering Component Service -- Chapter 16. Wheel Alignment Principles -- Importance of Alignment -- Types of Wheel Alignment -- Two-Wheel Alignment -- Four-Wheel Alignment -- Wheel Alignment Angles -- Adjustable Wheel Alignment Angles -- Camber -- Caster -- Toe -- Steering Wheel Position -- Non-Adjustable Wheel Alignment Angles -- Steering Axis Inclination -- Included Angle -- Setback -- Toe-Out on Turns -- Angle Interrelation -- Vehicle Defects Affecting Alignment -- Defective Parts -- Bent Frames -- Defective Tires -- External Factors Affecting Alignment -- Road Crown -- Road Irregularities -- Vehicle Loading -- Acceleration and Braking Forces -- Turning Forces -- Alignment Adjustment Devices -- Shims -- Threaded Rods and Sellves -- Slots -- Eccentric Cams -- Frame Straightening -- Chapter 17. Wheel Alignment Procedures -- Wheel Alignment Fundamentals -- Two- and Four-Wheel Alignment -- Wheel Alignment Equipment -- Performing Wheel Alignment -- Question Vehicle's Driver -- Road Test/Pre-Alignment Checks -- Checking Ride Height -- Checking for Worn Parts -- Checking Tires and Wheels -- Checking for Underbody Damage -- Set Up the Vehicle for Wheel Alignment -- Curb Weight -- Obtain Alignment Specifications -- Install Alignment Equipment -- Lowering the Vehicle -- Centering the Steering Wheel -- Locking Brakes -- Measuring Alignment -- Adjusting Alignment -- Toe--All Vehicles -- Centering the Steering Wheel after Alignment -- Making the Final Alignment Check -- Removing the Vehicle from the Alignment Rack -- Road Testing the Vehicle -- Frame Straightening -- Chapter 18. Suspension and Steering Troubleshooting -- Importance of Proceeding Logically -- Strategy-Based Troubleshooting Procedure -- Step 1. Verify the Problem -- Step 2. Check for Obvious Problems -- Step 3. Determine Which System or Component is the Most Probable Cause of the Problem -- Step 4. Perform Pinpoint Tests -- Step 5. Check for Related Problems -- Step 6. Correct the Defect -- Step 7. Recheck System Operation -- Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) Diagnosis -- Principles of Vibration -- Noise -- Harshness -- Pinpointing NVH problems -- Chapter 19. ASE Certification -- Types of ASE Test Questions -- Recertification Tests -- Chapter 20. Career Preparation -- Automotive Service -- Levels of Automotive Service Positions -- Helpers -- Installers -- Certified Technicians -- Types of Auto Service Facilities -- New-Vehicle Dealerships -- Chain and Department Store Auto Service Centers -- Tire, Muffler, and Other Specialty Shops -- Independent Shops -- Government Agencies -- Self-Employment -- Other Opportunities in the Auto Service Industry -- Shop Foreman or Service Manager -- Sales Person or Service Advisor -- Parts Person -- Appendix A. Basic Electricity and Electronics -- Appendix B. Scan Tools -- Appendix C. Suspension and Steering Troubleshooting Chart.
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