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03524cam a2200409Ia 4500 001 064B68EE0F3F11DF93771FC5C41A358D 003 SILO 005 20100405092921 008 091202s2009 iaua b s000 0 eng d 035 $a (OCoLC)472235422 040 $a UIG $c UIG $d SILO $d FHATR $d IOZ $d SILO 043 $a n-us-ia 245 0 $a Safety benefits of paved shoulders / $c by Shauna Hallmark ... [et al.]. 260 $a Ames, Iowa : $b Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State University, $c 2009. 300 $a 61 p. in various pagings : $b ill. ; $c 28 cm. 500 $a "November 2009." 504 $a Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-43). $b 22 513 $a Final report. 520 $a Single vehicle run-off-road (ROR) crashes are the largest type of fatal passenger vehicle crash in the United States (NCHRP 500 2003). In Iowa, ROR crashes accounted for 36% of rural crashes and 9% of total crashes in 2006. Run-off-road crashes accounted for more than 61.8% of rural fatal crashes and 32.6% of total fatal crashes in Iowa in 2006. Paved shoulders are a potential countermeasure for ROR crashes. Several studies are available which have generally indicated that paved shoulders are effective in reducing crashes. However, the number of studies that quantify the benefits are limited. The research described in this report evaluates the effectiveness of paved shoulders. Model results indicated that covariate for speed limit was not significant at the 0.05 confidence level and was removed from the model. All other variables which resulted in the final model were significant at the 0.05 confidence level. The final model indicated that season of the year was significant in indicating expected number of total monthly crashes with a higher number of crashes occurring in the winter and fall than for spring and summer. The model also indicated that presence of rumble strips, paved shoulder width, unpaved shoulder width, and presence of a divided median were correlated with a decrease in crashes. The model also indicated that roadway sections with paved shoulders had fewer crashes in the after period as compared to both the before period and control sections. The actual impact of paved shoulders depends on several other covariates as indicated in the final model such as installation year and width of paved shoulders. However, comparing the expected number of total crashes before and after installation of paved shoulders for several scenarios indicated around a 4.6% reduction in the expected number of monthly crashes in the after period. 530 $a Also available via the Internet. 536 $a Sponsored by the Midwest Transportation Consortium and the Iowa Dept. of Transportation $f InTrans project 05-239 650 0 $a Roads $z Iowa $x Safety measures. 650 0 $a Roads $x Shoulders. 650 7 $a Road shoulders. $2 trt 650 7 $a Run off road accidents. $2 trt 700 1 $a Hallmark, Shauna L. 710 1 $a Iowa. $b Dept. of Transportation. 710 2 $a Midwest Transportation Consortium. 710 2 $a Iowa State University. $b Center for Transportation Research and Education. 856 41 $u http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/reports/Hallmark_paved_shoulders.pdf 941 $a 4 952 $l IAOX771 $d 20240710102040.0 952 $l OVUX522 $d 20171223032235.0 952 $l USUX851 $d 20160825044305.0 952 $l Z7OX851 $d 20100201083435.0 956 $a http://locator.silo.lib.ia.us/search.cgi?index_0=id&term_0=064B68EE0F3F11DF93771FC5C41A358D 994 $a 02 $b IOZInitiate Another SILO Locator Search