Preface : struggle, challenge, and history -- Introduction : reality and contradiction -- Frederick Douglass : superstar and public intellectual -- Where honor is due : Frederick Douglass and representative Black man -- Writing freely? : Frederick Douglass and the constraints of racialized writing -- Alexander Crummell and stoic African elitism -- Alexander Crummell and Southern Reconstruction -- Crummell, hero worship, Du Bois, and presentism -- Booker T. Washington and the meanings of progress -- Protestant ethic versus conspicuous consumption -- W.E.B. Du Bois on religion and art : dynamic contradictions and multiple consciousness -- Angel of light and darkness : Du Bois and the meaning of democracy -- Du Bois and progressivism : the anticapitalist as elitist -- The birth of tragedy : Garvey's heroic struggles -- Becoming history : Garvey and the genius of his age -- Rescuing heroes from their admirers : heroic proportions imply brobdingnagian blemishes.
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